進階會員 | FreeBSD的man指令 相信有玩UNIX的人一定都曾經使用過man 這個指令,man這個指令就是manual page的縮寫,ㄊ提供了系統中指令或是設定的方法,各類設定檔的說明,更重要的事還提供了寫程式所需要的資訊,UNIX的系統指令集繁雜,純命令列的console,一大串的command,如果不常用,粉快滴...下次要用的時候,就給他回憶不起來了. man的命令放在/usr/bin/man 使用方法 ex : man df 就會出現以下畫面 DF(1) FreeBSD General Commands Manual DF(1) NAME df - display free disk space SYNOPSIS df [-b | -h | -H | -k | -m | -P] [-ailn] [-t type] [file | filesystem ...] DESCRIPTION Df displays statistics about the amount of free disk space on the speci? fied filesystem or on the filesystem of which file is a part. Values are displayed in 512-byte per block counts. If neither a file or a filesys? tem operand is specified, statistics for all mounted filesystems are dis? played (subject to the -t option below). The following options are available: 中間略刪.... ENVIRONMENT BLOCKSIZE If the environment variable BLOCKSIZE is set, the block counts will be displayed in units of that size block. BUGS The -n and -t flags are ignored if a file or filesystem is specified. SEE ALSO lsvfs(1), quota(1), fstatfs(2), getfsstat(2), statfs(2), getmntinfo(3), fstab(5), mount(8), quot(8) HISTORY A df command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX. FreeBSD 4.4 May 8, 1995 FreeBSD 4.4 ============================= 到此結束 ======================================== 看到第一行DF(1) 每個man page都一定會有那個括弧和數字 數字的意義以下介紹... 1 代表使用者命令 : df(1) 2 系統呼叫 ex :syscall(2) 3 函式庫 ex : stdio(3) 4 硬體裝置ex : ad(4) 5 系統設定檔ex: rc.conf(5) 6 遊戲 ex: worms(6) 7 Miscellaneous Information Manual 其他 ex: ports(7) 8 FreeBSD System Manager's Manual 系統管理 ex : vipw(8) 9 FreeBSD Kernel Developer's Manual 系統 kernel 開發 ex : MICROTIME(9) ============================================================================== NAME df - display free disk space 指令名稱 - 簡短敘述 ============================================================================== SYNOPSIS df [-b | -h | -H | -k | -m | -P] [-ailn] [-t type] [file | filesystem ...] 指令參數 ============================================================================== DESCRIPTION 詳細描述 Df displays statistics about the amount of free disk space on the speci? fied filesystem or on the filesystem of which file is a part. Values are displayed in 512-byte per block counts. If neither a file or a filesys? tem operand is specified, statistics for all mounted filesystems are dis? played (subject to the -t option below). ============================================================================== OPTIONS 指令參數詳細說明 The following options are available: -a Show all mount points, including those that were mounted with the MNT_IGNORE flag. -b Use 512-byte blocks rather than the default. Note that this overrides the BLOCKSIZE specification from the environment. -g Use 1073741824-byte (1-Gbyte) blocks rather than the default. Note that this overrides the BLOCKSIZE specification from the environment. -H "Human-readable" output. Use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte and Petabyte in order to reduce the number of digits to three or less using base 10 for sizes. -h "Human-readable" output. Use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte and Petabyte in order to reduce the number of digits to three or less using base 2 for sizes. -i Include statistics on the number of free inodes. -k Use 1024-byte (1-Kbyte) blocks rather than the default. Note that this overrides the BLOCKSIZE specification from the environ? 以下略 ============================================================================== ENVIRONMENT 環境變數(BLOCKSIZE) BLOCKSIZE If the environment variable BLOCKSIZE is set, the block counts will be displayed in units of that size block. ============================================================================== BUGS 臭虫 The -n and -t flags are ignored if a file or filesystem is specified. ============================================================================== SEE ALSO(小弟覺得這個最好用) lsvfs(1), quota(1), fstatfs(2), getfsstat(2), statfs(2), getmntinfo(3), fstab(5), mount(8), quot(8) 與df(1)相關的指令或是相關的設定檔,UNIX的指令繁雜,設定檔也很多,SEE ALSO可以看到與df指令相關的 可以了解的更深 ,學習到的也可以更廣 ============================================================================== HISTORY 指令的起源 A df command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX. ============================================================================== man page雖然都是英文,但是想要的答案都在裡面 man一下,不用錢,然後自己try try..又可以學到東西 嘿嘿...真的很不錯...真的很好用 希望大家可以多用用 |
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Take it easy~ | 謝謝分享~ ![]() 順便請教一下 --
3Q very much~ ^^ |
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進階會員 | 1.善加利用whatis ex : whatis 1 請依照我po的分類 1代表使用者命令 SHA_Init(3), SHA_Update(3), SHA_Final(3), SHA_End(3), SHA_File(3), SHA_Data(3), SHA1_Init(3), SHA1_Update(3), SHA1_Final(3), S HA1_End(3), SHA1_File(3), SHA1_Data(3) - calculate the FIPS 160 and 160-1 ``SHA'' message digests a2p(1) - Awk to Perl translator addftinfo(1) - add information to troff font files for use with groff addr2line(1) - convert addresses into file names and line numbers afmtodit(1) - create font files for use with groff -Tps apply(1) - apply a command to a set of arguments apropos(1), whatis(1) - search the whatis database ar(1) - create, modify, and extract from archives as(1), GNU as(1) - the portable GNU assembler at(1), batch(1), atq(1), atrm(1) - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution basename(1), dirname(1) - return filename or directory portion of pathname bc(1) - An arbitrary precision calculator language bdes(1) - encrypt/decrypt using the Data Encryption Standard biff(1) - be notified if mail arrives and who it is from brandelf(1) - mark an ELF binary for a specific ABI builtin(1), alias(1), alloc(1), bg(1), bindkey(1), break(1), breaksw(1), builtins(1), case(1), cd(1), chdir(1), command(1), co mplete(1), continue(1), default(1), dirs(1), do(1), done(1), echo(1), echotc(1), elif(1), else(1), end(1), endif(1), endsw(1), esac(1), eval(1), exec(1), exit(1), export(1), fc(1), fg(1), filetest(1), fi(1), for(1), foreach(1), getopts(1), glob(1), got o(1), hash(1), hashstat(1), history(1), hup(1), if(1), jobid(1), jobs(1), kill(1), limit(1), log(1), login(1), logout(1), ls-F (1), nice(1), nohup(1), notify(1), onintr(1), popd(1), printf(1), printenv(1), pushd(1), pwd(1), read(1), readonly(1), rehash( 1), repeat(1), sched(1), set(1), setenv(1), settc(1), setty(1), setvar(1), shift(1), source(1), stop(1), suspend(1), switch(1) , telltc(1), then(1), time(1), trap(1), type(1), ulimit(1), umask(1), unalias(1), uncomplete(1), unhash(1), unlimit(1), unset( 1), unsetenv(1), until(1), wait(1), where(1), which(1), while(1) - shell builtin commands bzip2(1), bunzip2(1) - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0 bzcat c2ph(1), pstruct(1) - Dump C structures as generated from f(CWcc -g -S stabs c89(1) - POSIX.2 C language compiler cal(1), ncal(1) - displays a calendar and the date of easter calendar(1) - reminder service cap_mkdb(1) - create capability database cat(1) - concatenate and print files catman(1) - preformat man pages cdcontrol(1) - compact disc control utility checknr(1) - check nroff/troff files chflags(1) - change file flags chgrp(1) - change group chio(1) - medium changer control utility chkey(1) - change your encryption key chmod(1) - change file modes chpass(1), chfn(1), chsh(1), ypchpass(1), ypchfn(1), ypchsh(1) - add or change user database information ci(1) - check in RCS revisions ckdist(1) - check software distributions cksum(1), sum(1) - display file checksums and block counts cmp(1) - compare two files co(1) - check out RCS revisions col(1) - filter reverse line feeds from input colcrt(1) - filter nroff output for CRT previewing colldef(1) - convert collation sequence source definition colrm(1) - remove columns from a file column(1) - columnate lists comm(1) - select or reject lines common to two files .....略刪 whatis 2 2代表系統呼叫 accept(2) - accept a connection on a socket access(2) - check access permissions of a file or pathname acct(2) - enable or disable process accounting adjtime(2) - correct the time to allow synchronization of the system clock aio_cancel(2) - cancel an outstanding asynchronous I/O operation (REALTIME) aio_error(2) - retrieve error status of asynchronous I/O operation (REALTIME) aio_read(2) - asynchronous read from a file (REALTIME) aio_return(2) - retrieve return status of asynchronous I/O operation (REALTIME) aio_suspend(2) - suspend until asynchronous I/O operations or timeout complete (REALTIME) aio_waitcomplete(2) - wait for the next completion of an aio request aio_write(2) - asynchronous write to a file (REALTIME) bind(2) - assign a local protocol address to a socket brk(2), sbrk(2) - change data segment size c89(1) - POSIX.2 C language compiler chdir(2), fchdir(2) - change current working directory chflags(2), fchflags(2) - set file flags chmod(2), fchmod(2), lchmod(2) - change mode of file chown(2), fchown(2), lchown(2) - change owner and group of a file chroot(2) - change root directory clock_gettime(2), clock_settime(2), clock_getres(2) - get/set/calibrate date and time close(2) - delete a descriptor connect(2) - initiate a connection on a socket creat(2) - create a new file dup(2), dup2(2) - duplicate an existing file descriptor execve(2) - execute a file fcntl(2) - file control fhopen(2), fhstat(2), fhstatfs(2) - access file via file handle flock(2) - apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file fork(2) - create a new process fsync(2) - synchronise changes to a file gcc(1), g++(1) - GNU project C and C++ Compiler (gcc-2.95.3) getdirentries(2), getdents(2) - get directory entries in a filesystem independent format getdtablesize(2) - get descriptor table size getfh(2) - get file handle getfsstat(2) - get list of all mounted filesystems getgid(2), getegid(2) - get group process identification getgroups(2) - get group access list getitimer(2), setitimer(2) - get/set value of interval timer getlogin(2), getlogin_r(2), setlogin(2) - get/set login name getpeername(2) - get name of connected peer getpgrp(2) - get process group getpid(2), getppid(2) - get parent or calling process identification getpriority(2), setpriority(2) - get/set program scheduling priority getrlimit(2), setrlimit(2) - control maximum system resource consumption getrusage(2) - get information about resource utilization getsid(2) - get process session getsockname(2) - get socket name getsockopt(2), setsockopt(2) - get and set options on sockets gettimeofday(2), settimeofday(2) - get/set date and time getuid(2), geteuid(2) - get user identification 略刪... 依此類推.... 又有簡單的指令描述...這個應該是很夠用了...雖然有些會出現其他的分類的man page 也可以直接找man page的直接系統路徑/usr/share/man/,/usr/local/man/.... 他也是依照分類 (1~9)來分類...一目了然... 2. (1)grep一般都是用來search普通的文件檔的word.... (2)man grep .....略刪 -r, --recursive Read all files under each directory, recursively; this is equivalent to the -d recurse option. 就是這個參數 如果你的grep版本沒有這鍋參數 請到gnu上download, here ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grep/grep-2.4.2.tar.gz 一般裝完...指令的位置應該會放在/usr/local/bin/grep |
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Take it easy~ | 謝謝你的解答~~~ ^___^ |
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